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Italian Stone Pine

Pinus pinea

Summary 5

The stone pine (Pinus pinea), also called Italian stone pine, umbrella pine and parasol pine, is a tree from the pine family (Pinaceae). The tree is native to the Mediterranean region, occurring in Southern Europe, North Africa, and the Levant.

Description 6

The stone pine is a coniferousevergreen tree that can exceed 25 metres (82 ft) in height, but 12–20 metres (39–66 ft) is more typical. In youth, it is a bushy globe, in mid-age an umbrella canopy on a thick trunk, and, in maturity, a broad and flat crown over 8 metres (26 ft) in width. The bark is thick, red-brown and deeply fissured into broad vertical plates.

The flexible mid-green leaves are needle-like, in bundles of two, and are 10–20 centimetres (3.9–7.9 in) long (exceptionally up to 30 centimetres (12 in)). Young trees up to 5–10 years old bear juvenile leaves, which are very different, single (not paired), 2–4 centimetres (0.79–1.57 in) long, glaucous blue-green; the adult leaves appear mixed with juvenile leaves from the fourth or fifth year on, replacing it fully by around the tenth year. Juvenile leaves are also produced in regrowth following injury, such as a broken shoot, on older trees.

The cones are broad, ovoid, 8–15 centimetres (3.1–5.9 in) long, and take 36 months to mature, longer than any other pine. The seeds (pine nuts, piñones, pinhões, pinoli, or pignons) are large, 2 centimetres (0.79 in) long, and pale brown with a powdery black coating that rubs off easily, and have a rudimentary 4–8 millimetres (0.16–0.31 in) wing that falls off very easily. The wing is ineffective for wind dispersal, and the seeds are animal-dispersed, originally mainly by the azure-winged magpie, but in recent history, very largely by humans.

Fuentes y créditos

  1. Javier martin, sin restricciones conocidas de derechos (dominio publico), https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Pinus_pinea_Nedlesandcone_2010-3-07_DehesaBoyaldePuertollano.jpg
  2. (c) Salomé, algunos derechos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), http://www.flickr.com/photos/79667341@N00/3350818995
  3. (c) Wikimedia Commons, algunos derechos reservados (CC BY-SA), https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Pine_cone_with_nuts.jpg
  4. (c) Liam O'Brien, algunos derechos reservados (CC BY-NC), subido por Liam O'Brien
  5. Adaptado por earthwatchtrees del trabajo de (c) Wikipedia, algunos derechos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus_pinea
  6. (c) Wikipedia, algunos derechos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_pine

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