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aokelly

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Enero 14, 2017 a las 01:22 AM PST

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While staying in Deep Cove, our group spent a considerable amount of time on the docks fishing. Most of the marine species that we caught were bottom-feeders, with the occasional blue cod appearing at the end of a line. It was not until after we returned inside from the pouring rain that Billy, the hostel manger revealed his catch; three large, spiny creatures, which we would later eat for dinner. The crayfish, or rock lobster, as it has been branded in New Zealand swims at depths of 5 to 275 meters. The species that can be found on the South Island are the red crayfish (jasus edwarsii), and green packhorse crayfish (sagmariasus verreauxi). The fish we encountered was the red crayfish. We were able to tell because of the spines that grew on its shell and tail. This variety is also generally more common than its sister species.
The red crayfish, also known as the spiny rock lobster, or spiny lobster for short, can grow to be 45-50 centimeters long and weigh as much as 3 kilograms. It has two long antennae, which it uses to map out its rocky, underwater environment and defend itself from would-be predators. This species hunts at night, which is why it was surprising that Billy caught one during the day, when the rock lobster is usually dormant in caves. This species can live up to 11 years and typically begins its mating cycle in Autumn.
The most interesting thing that I have read about this species is the fact that it migrates extremely long distances walking on the sea floor. It is not uncommon for red crayfish originally tagged in Otago, for example, to turn up in the Fiordlands after they travel almost 850 kilometers! If you have the luck of catching a red crayfish, you are sure to enjoy a meal to remember.

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aokelly

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Enero 19, 2017 a las 01:13 AM PST

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The Southern Alps of New Zealand are graced with many geological features that are a direct result of glacial activity. Morraines line U-shaped valleys which were once home to thick sheets of ice that compressed the ground beneath it. The Fiordlands hold the memory of glaciers that stretched into rainforest, touching the ocean with icy fingertips. The alluvial fan is perhaps one of the easiest glacial features that can be identified. These are fan shaped piles of rocky debris that have been churned down the sides of mountains. Alluvial fans themselves act as transporters for additional debris, with small stream systems, and sometimes larger rivers, carrying boulder, cobblestone, pebble, sand, silt, and clay into vacated glacial valleys. These streams are initially created through precipitation that occurs toward the top of a glacially created incline. During my time at the Mt. Cook Village and Fox Glacier, I have seen these waterways as waterfalls, which eventually slide down the slope of an alluvial fan to form the transport vessel for sediment, which also is a major cause for erosion in this mountain system. The streams may often look dirty or muddy due to the smaller sediment that accumulates as it is being carried away from its initial resting place. Alluvial fan streams have caused the erosion that has formed the Haast and Canturbury plains, with its waters flattening landscape as they stretch farther from the source. The fans are also usually the route that water will take after heavy rain. This means that continuous flooding keeps the plains looking they way that they do, lush and ready to farm.

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aokelly

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Enero 10, 2017 a las 02:56 PM +14

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The Wild Spaniard is a spiny, grass-like plant with long, slender shoots and dark flowers. Also known as speargrass, this species is a member of the Aciphylla family, which houses carrots as well. Nearly every single one of the close to 40 species of Wild Spaniard can be found on New Zealand’s South Island. I was able to observe this painful plant at Aoraki/Mt. Cook, both on the Hooker Valley Track and during the ascent to Mueller Hut (I have the scars to prove it).
At its largest, this plant can grow to a height of 2 meters, while on the opposite end of the spectrum, 40 centimeters is its floor. Its flowers are protected by spikes, in addition to its sword-like leaves. It is thought that this defense mechanism was created to ward off browsing moa, who were known to have grazed the Spaniard. Another explanation for this plant’s prickly nature is that it needed to mitigate the exposure that came with growing in open, rural areas.
While peripheral in nature, the Wild Spaniard also had practical uses for the Mauri people, who harvested the scented gum that grows at the base of the its leaves. Its shoots and roots were also consumed by New Zealand’s indigenous folk, although this was usually when other sources of nutrition were scarce or unavailable.
If at all possible, I recommend appreciating this plant from a distance. Although it’s preffered habitat is the open plains, it still can exist in the undergrowth of more vegetated area. The Wild Spaniard is an excellent deterrent for “bushwhacking” or off trail hiking. I engaged in this activity near Hooker Lake and quickly found myself wincing in pain as its blades punctured my pant legs and wool socks.

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New Zealand’s South Island is home to some of the world’s most amazing natural occurrences. From the earthquakes caused by Pacific and Australian plate subduction to the highly active Taupo Volcanic Zone, there seems to be limitless primary source geological and seismic data at the ready for any scientist stepping into this region. Perhaps the most fascinating concept, and certainly one of the most overlooked ones, is the study of focused petrology in this area of the world, particularly calcite, aragonite, opal, and apatite. These four compounds are notable because in many instances they contain the evolution of rigid skeletal structures. Essentially, nearly all mineral skeletons that can be found on the South Island are made from these four minerals. The formation process for these skeletons is purely inorganic and is conducted without the influence of any living organism. Here is a little background on each mineral.
Calcite is a sedimentary compound that is generally formed through chemical precipitation caused by the evaporation of calcium bicarbonate-rich solutions. This mineral is temperature and pressure stable meaning that one could find it deep in the Earth’s crust. Its crystals can take 1000 years to form, the most common being rhombohedra and pointed scalenohedron which can range in color from white, to yellow, to red, to even black.
Aragonite usually exists in a high pressure, low temperature state. It is metastable meaning that it undergoes heavy change in form when it is removed from its original environment. Its crystals are small elongate prisms that usually form in groups or clusters and can range from white, to yellow, to red, to blue.
Opal is formed and stays in low temperature, low pressure conditions. This can explain why it is such a common mineral to find on the Earth’s surface. Its crystals are small and can be colorless, milky white, blue, or black.
Apatite is very common and stable. Its commonality is due to the fact that it has occurrences in all forms; igneous, marine sedimentary, and metamorphic. Its crystals are elongate and stubby prisms with pyramidal faces ranging in color from colorless, to brown.
I enjoyed learning about the South Island’s “minerals of life” because I have always been a rock-hound at heart. During our travels through Lake Tekapo and Lake Pukaki I believe that I collected several samples of calcite due to its sedimentary appearance and white color.

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