Creeping plants with waxy stems, forming a patch in shade several square meters in size.
Rubus wheeleri (L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey, Section Setosi
Ecotone between rich fen and wet meadow. Primocanes can be large (for a bristleberry, not as robust as § Arguti), upright and exceeding 1 m in height or quite small and low to the ground.
Bone white thallus. Flat-topped warts with multiple ostioles. Found on rock that is in the middle of a stream. P. neoscotia is typically found on bark, so this may be an incorrect ID. Another possibility is Pertusaria plittiana, which occurs on rock. However, that species is generally not bone white in color, and instead is blue-gray to pale gray. Open to revision.