Penstemon similar species, part 6: red flowers
Summary:
These 30 Penstemon species all have bright red flowers. There are too many to make quick comparisons, so I am grouping by distribution.
Be aware of other plants, like Scarlet Gilia, California Fuchsia, and various Salvias and Keckiellas. I don't know if this is a 'computer vision' problem or close resemblance, but they won't have 4 anthers positioned over an infertile stamen (staminode) and/or opposite, clasping stem leaves.
The archetype of this group is Penstemon barbatus: 
Southeast USA:
Penstemon murrayanus: east TX, OK, AR, LA
Range includes California:
Penstemon centranthifolius: central CA coast, southern CA, Baja (MX)
Penstemon eatonii: [wild] southern and eastern CA, NV, UT, AZ, western CO, NW NM; [cultivated] nearly all western US states
Penstemon labrosus: southern CA and Baja (MX)
Penstemon rostriflorus: central and southern CA, NV, southern UT, northern and central AZ
Penstemon utahensis: eastern CA, southern NV and UT, northern AZ, western CO, NW NM
Only in Mexico:
Penstemon atropurpureus: Durango
Penstemon cedrosensis (or cerrosensis): Isla de Cedros (Baja California)
Penstemon coriaceus (includes P schaffneri): central Mexico in rocky terrain [strongly resembles P baccharifolius]
Penstemon dugesii: Guanajuato; resembles P coriaceus
Penstemon fasciculatus: Chihuahua
Penstemon hartweggi: Guanajuato to Oaxaca; red but may have some white patches; fairly common as cultivated hybrids
Penstemon henricksonii: Coahuila
Penstemon imberbis: Central México
Penstemon isophyllus: Puebla and Oaxaca
Penstemon miniatus (includes P apateticus): Chihuahua to Oaxaca
Penstemon mohinoranus: Chihuahua
Penstemon plagapineus: mountains of Durango, Sinaloa, Nayarit
Penstemon punctatus: Sierra de La Paila (Coahuila)
Penstemon roseus (includes P kunthii): central and southern Mexico ; fairly common as cultivated hybrids
Penstemon wislizenii: mountains of Durango, Sinaloa, Chihuahua [thin leaves that resemble P barbatus and lanceolatus]
Four corners states and Mexico:
Penstemon alamoensis: mountains of southern NM and far west TX, northern Mexico?
Penstemon baccharifolius: west TX, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León
Penstemon barbatus: UT, CO, AZ, NM, far west TX, and south to Oaxaca
Penstemon cardinalis: mountains of southern NM and far west TX, northern Mexico?
Penstemon havardii: Chisos mountains of west TX [strongly resembles P superbus]
Penstemon lanceolatus (includes P ramosus): Southern AZ & NM, far west TX, northern Mexico
Penstemon pinifolius: mountains of SE AZ, SW NM, north central Mexico [used as a landscape plant, including yellow forms]
Penstemon subulatus: AZ, Sonora
Penstemon superbus (includes P puniceus): southern AZ, SW NM, north central Mexico (Sonoran desert)
Penstemon wrightii: Davis mountains of west Texas [strongly resembles P superbus]
Resources:
http://floranorthamerica.org/Penstemon_sect._Elmigera [barbatus, cardinalis, eatonii, labrosus]
http://floranorthamerica.org/Penstemon_sect._Gentianoides [alamosensis, centranthifolius, havardii, subulatus, superbus, utahensis, wrightii]
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