Diario de momoto-erick

A new Heraclides swallowtail (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae)
from North America is recognized by the pattern on its neck
expand article infoKojiro Shiraiwa, Qian Cong, Nick V. Grishin

Heraclides rumiko Shiraiwa & Grishin, sp. n. is described from southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America (type locality: USA, Texas, Duval County). It is closely allied to H. cresphontes (Cramer, 1777) and the two species are sympatric in central Texas. The new species is diagnosed by male genitalia and exhibits a nearly 3% difference from H. cresphontes in the COI DNA barcode sequence of mitochondrial DNA. The two Heraclides species can usually be told apart by the shape and size of yellow spots on the neck, by the wing shape, and the details of wing patterns. “Western Giant Swallowtail” is proposed as the English name for H. rumiko. To stabilize nomenclature, neotype for Papilio cresphontes Cramer, 1777, an eastern United States species, is designated from Brooklyn, New York, USA; and lectotype for Papilio thoas Linnaeus, 1771 is designated from Suriname. We sequenced DNA barcodes and ID tags of nearly 400 Papilionini specimens completing coverage of all Heraclides species. Comparative analyses of DNA barcodes, genitalia, and facies suggest that Heraclides oviedo (Gundlach, 1866), reinstated status, is a species-level taxon rather than a subspecies of H. thoas (Linnaeus, 1771); and H. pallas (G. Gray, [1853]), reinstated status, with its subspecies H. P. bajaensis (J. Brown & Faulkner, 1992), comb. n., and Heraclides anchicayaensis Constantino, Le Crom & Salazar, 2002, stat. n., are not conspecific with H. astyalus (Godart, 1819).

Phaethornis mexicanus is treated as a species separate from P. longirostris. In the species account for P. longirostris, change the distributional statement and Notes to: Distribution.—Resident [longirostris group] on the Gulf-Caribbean slope from Veracruz, Tabasco, northern Oaxaca, and northern Chiapas south through Central America to Nicaragua, on both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama, and in northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela; and [baroni group] in South America west of the Andes in western Ecuador and northwestern Peru. Notes.—Groups: P. longirostris and P. baroni Hartert, 1897 [Hartert’s Hermit]. Formerly considered conspecific with extralimital P. superciliosus (Linnaeus, 1766) [Longtailed Hermit], but separated (Banks et al. 2002) largely on morphological grounds. See Notes under P. mexicanus.
Before the species account for P. longirostris, insert the following new account:
Phaethornis mexicanus Hartert. Mexican Hermit.
Phaethornis mexicanus Hartert, 1897, Ibis, p. 425. (Dos Arroyos, near Chilpancingo, Guerrero.)
Habitat.—Tropical Lowland Evergreen Forest, Montane Evergreen Forest (100–1,900 m; Tropical and Subtropical zones). Distribution.—Resident [griseoventer group] in western Mexico from west-central Nayarit (near Tepic and San Blas) south to Jalisco (Sierra de Autla ´n, Mineral San Sebastian) and Colima (Cerro Grande); and [mexicanus group] in Guerrero and western Oaxaca. Notes.—Groups: P. griseoventer Phillips, 1962 [Jalisco Hermit] and P. mexicanus. Formerly considered conspecific with P. longirostris, but treated as a separate species on the basis of differences in vocalizations, behavior, genetics, and morphology (Arbela ´ez-Cort´es and Navarro-Sig¨uenza 2013, Howell 2013, McGuire et al. 2014).