Archivos de Diario para enero 2019

lunes, 07 de enero de 2019

List of Slug Species of Canada

From Identifying Land Snails and Slugs in Canada.
Does anyone know if there is a checklist of species for Ontario? Sometimes it is unclear from the book whether or not a species is in Ontario, but when it is I've marked them with an asterisk (*). Probably/Possibly in Ontario are marked with (~). Unknown/Unclear are hopefully marked with (?). There are quite a few species only in BC. Please let me know if you have any questons.

Superfamily Parmacelloidea

Family Milacidae

Genus Milax

  • Milax gagates ~

Superfamily Limacoidea

Family Limacidae

Genus Lehmannia

  • Lehmannia marginata
  • Lehmannia valentiana *

Genus Limacus

  • Limacus flavus ~

Genus Limax

  • Limax maximus *

Family Agriolimacidae

Genus Deroceras

  • Deroceras agreste *
  • Deroceras hesperium ?
  • Deroceras laeve ?
  • Deroceras panormitanum *
  • Deroceras reticulatum *

Family Boettgerillidae

Genus Boettgerilla

  • Boettgerilla pallens *

Superfamily Arionoidea

Family Arionidae

Genus Arion

  • Arion intermedius *
    Subgenus Arion (ater group)

  • Arion ater
  • Arion lusitanicus *
  • Arion rufus
    Subgenus Carinarion (fasciatus group)

  • Arion circumscriptus *
  • Arion fasciatus *
  • Arion silvaticus *
    Subgenus Kobelita (hortensis group)

  • Arion distinctus *
  • Arion hortensis ?
    Subgenus Mesarion (subfuscus group)

  • Arion subfuscus *

Family Anadenidae

Genus Prophysaon

  • Prophysaon andersonii
  • Prophysaon coeruleum
  • Prophysaon foliolatum
  • Prophysaon vanattae

Genus Kootenaia

  • Kootenaia burkei

Family Ariolimacidae

Genus Ariolimax

  • Ariolimax columbianus

Genus Magnipelta

  • Magnipelta mycophaga

Family Binneyidae

Genus Hemphillia

  • Hemphillia camelus
  • Hemphillia dromedarius
  • Hemphillia glandulosa

Family Philomycidae

Genus Megapallifera

  • Megapallifera mutabilis ?

Genus Pallifera

  • Pallifera fosteri ?
  • Pallifera dorsalis ?

Genus Philomycus

  • Philomycus batchi ?
  • Philomycus carolinianus ?
  • Philomycus flexuolaris ?
  • Philomycus togatus ?
Publicado el lunes, 07 de enero de 2019 a las 09:52 PM por upupa-epops upupa-epops | 3 comentarios | Deja un comentario

martes, 08 de enero de 2019

Rough Identification Guide to Slug Genera of Ontario (In Progress)

Guide to Superfamilies

When trying to identify a slug, here are some characteristics you should try to notice (in roughly this order of importance):

  1. How much of the body is covered by the mantle
  2. Location of breathing hole (pneumostome) on the right side of the slug, relative to the mantle
  3. Shape (e.g. is there a keel/ridge on the tail behind the mantle or is it round)
  4. Texture, especially on the mantle
  5. Size
  6. Colour and pattern (e.g. orange, brown, plain, mottled, stripes along the sides)
  7. Mucus colour

By far the most common genera to see are Arion and Deroceras. Double-check if you think it is not one of those two. Also note that it is often difficult to determine species of slugs without dissection.

This guide only includes genera that I know to be in Ontario. It is unclear for sure what genera and species are present - hopefully iNaturalist can help improve our knowledge. I'd appreciate any suggestions or critique.

Superfamily Parmacelloidea

Has a strong keel running all the way from the mantle to the tail
Pneumostome toward back of mantle
Mantle can look like it has two different sections
Mostly plain colouration with little pattern

  • 2 genera in Ontario (Milax, Tandonia) in one family

Superfamily Limacoidea

Rounded tail (no keel) except sometimes at very end of tail
Pneumostome toward back of mantle
Mantle texture often with circular ridges resembling fingerprint
Can have plain, mottled, or striped pattern

  • 5 genera (Lehmannia, Limacus, Limax, Deroceras, Boetgerilla) in three families

Superfamily Arionoidea

Pneumostome usually either halfway along or toward front of mantle
If the mantle covers most of the slug (i.e. not just the front half, or it looks like it has no mantle), then it is in this superfamily
Pattern often striped, but can be plain or mottled

  • At least 4 genera (Arion, Megapallifera, Pallifera, Philomycus) in at least two families

Guide to Genera of Superfamily Parmacelloidea

Guide to Genera of Superfamily Limacoidea

Guide to Genera of Superfamily Arionoidea

Publicado el martes, 08 de enero de 2019 a las 01:05 AM por upupa-epops upupa-epops | 0 comentarios | Deja un comentario

jueves, 10 de enero de 2019

Toxomerus watsoni confusion

I've noticed that many Toxomerus observations, especially in Mexico, are being identified as Toxomerus watsoni: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=any&subview=grid&taxon_id=418205
However, I've tried looking through all the papers I can find, and can't find any way to separate T. watsoni from similar species like T. duplicatus without a microscope.

I put all the similar individuals like that with simple abdomen patterns under one observation field so I can compare them here: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?field:Toxomerus%20identifiable%20group=T.%20cf.%20duplicatus

After doing this, I noticed that many of the individuals that are identified as T. watsoni look a bit different from unidentified individuals.
For example, these two are both males but they look different:
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/8735045
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/18581132

The one that is called "T. watsoni" has a thinner, tubular abdomen, the dark bands are mostly black, and the last abdomen segment has a different pattern.
The other one has a flat, wide, abdomen, the dark bands are lighter grey, and the last abdomen segment has just a black dot.
I see similar differences in females, although the abdomen structure is less different:
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/18227103
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/12283401

But I don't know if that's still not enough to identify them to species.

Other similar groups within the "T. cf. duplicatus" group

  1. Ones identified as T. watsoni have a consistent look
  2. Orange centre of abdomen sections, pair of commas, blue/silver between with black borders
  3. Long thin abdomen
  4. Orange bands, pairs of commas, shiny blue stripes with little or not black borders (thinner)
    https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/11915414
    https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/20805941
    https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/12283401

  5. Orange or yellow bands, little or no commas, blue/shiny stripes with little or no black borders
    https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/19827828
    https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/11928637
    https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/17277614
    https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/484716

  6. Orange or yellow bands, no commas, blue stripes with black borders
    https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/21087951
    https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/15864324
    https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/20510754
    https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/19625973

Most have dark ring near end of hind femur, but in some it's faint or not there.
Ones in Florida vary between groups 2 and 3: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=21&subview=grid&field:Toxomerus%20identifiable%20group=T.%20cf.%20duplicatus
What species is this?


I've been trying to make a list of species that fall into the general group of simple band patterns: https://www.inaturalist.org/observation_fields/8909#activity_comment_1835840

T. brevifacies
T. buscki
T. corbis/planiventris?
T. difficilis
T. duplicatus
T. ecuadoreus
T. idalius
T. minutus?
T. norma
T. papaveroi
T. paraduplicatus
T. pinchinchae
T. productus
T. puellus
T. steatogaster
T. taenius
T. watsoni

Publicado el jueves, 10 de enero de 2019 a las 11:34 PM por upupa-epops upupa-epops | 1 comentario | Deja un comentario

domingo, 20 de enero de 2019

Random Notes on Hoverfly Identification

Sphaerophoria in Eastern North America

Males with incomplete thorax stripe:
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/7413714

Females with incomplete thorax stripe:
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/15572261

Males with full thorax stripe (I think only S. philanthus identifiable):
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/15576830

Females with full thorax stripe (I think only S. bifurcata identifiable):
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/7452079

Good resource:
Vockeroth 1992 Syrphinae of Canada, Alaska, and Greenland: http://esc-sec.ca/wp/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/AAFC_insects_and_arachnids_part_18.pdf

Western female with incomplete stripe: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/34249225

Separating similar yellow-banded Syrphini

Eupeodes subgenus Metasyrphus, Syrphus, Epistrophe, others (Didea, Meliscaeva)

It's hard

https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/8593944
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/8594111

Eupeodes latifasciatus on the east coast is an exception not always having black margins (https://bugguide.net/node/view/1021534/bgimage), and Syrphus opinator on the west coast is an exception having black margins (https://bugguide.net/node/view/268265/bgimage)
https://bugguide.net/node/view/99829/bgimage

If for some crazy reason you want to just look at the difficult ones here's a project for you: https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/tricky-syrphini-from-north-america

Epistrophella
https://bugguide.net/node/view/852268/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/872187/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/832923/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/849752/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1274968/bgimage

Parasyrphus
https://bugguide.net/node/view/954145/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/776694/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1618772/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/882710/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1185190/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1579935/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1658999/bgimage

Some things from BugGuide comments on Epistrophe:
Yellow spots at base of abdomen widen toward margin (always narrow toward margin in Syrphus maybe?)
Edges of yellow bands on abdomen straight rather than curving (except usually a black point in the centre of the first band)
Edges of abdomen very fuzzy
Yellow on abdomen dull/mottled rather than bright yellow (also there is a "dark morph" with grey/brown bands)
https://bugguide.net/node/view/573350/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/153678/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/330766/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1406410/bgimage
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/10701332
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1740346/bgimage

E. metcalfi

  • Very rare; no specimens collected since 1948

E. grossulariae

  • Black antennae
  • Wide straight yellow bands
  • Black triangle on frons
  • Syrphus knabi has dark antennae and can have wide straight bands, but doesn't have the black triangle to the same extent, (female) leg colouration also different
    https://bugguide.net/node/view/330766/bgimage

E. nitidicollis

  • Yellow antennae
  • Black coxae

E. xanthostoma

  • Yellow antennae
  • Yellow coxae
  • Deeper black pointing into the yellow bands?

E. terminalis

  • Yellow antennae

Identifying Syrphus

https://www.inaturalist.org/journal/upupa-epops/27969-identifying-syrphus-hover-flies

Eupeodes subgenus Metasyrphus
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1047917/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1289558/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1718107/bgimage

E. flukei
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1311869/bgpage

E. snowi
https://bugguide.net/node/view/381686/bgimage

E. latifasciatus

E. fumipennis
https://bugguide.net/node/view/670978/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1698014/bgimage

Scaeva vs Eupeodes subgenus Eupeodes

These have very similar abdomen patterns. Are they separated by head shape?

E. volucris
https://bugguide.net/node/view/35305/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/94855/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/338812/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/160500/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/169720/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/195639/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/476113/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/232255/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/100232/bgimage

S. pyrastri (now S. affinis I think?)
https://bugguide.net/node/view/77662/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/17657/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/268366/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/283443/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1738233/bgimage
Probably I can go through these links later and weed out some redundant ones...

Lapposyrphus, Dasysyrphus also similar.

Lapposyrphus
https://bugguide.net/node/view/165692
https://bugguide.net/node/view/20033/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/161960/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/310633/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/381930/bgimage

Allograpta

Allograpta in North America

https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/8490526

Melanistic: https://bugguide.net/node/view/977116/bgpage

Neotropical Allograpta

http://syrphidae.inpa.gov.br/

List of Neotropical species of each subgenus and locations from Mengual et al.:
A. obliqua group
aeruginosifrons (Brazil)
annulipes (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia) - https://sci-web-001.amnh.org/imulive/iz.html?#details=ecatalogue.10021657
aperta (Surinam, Guyana) - https://sci-web-001.amnh.org/imulive/iz.html?#details=ecatalogue.10021897
bilineella (Colombia)
browni (Ecuador) - https://sci-web-001.amnh.org/imulive/iz.html?#details=ecatalogue.10021656
exotica (central US south to Argentina)
falcata (Colombia, Venezuela) - https://sci-web-001.amnh.org/imulive/iz.html?#details=ecatalogue.10020869
hastata (Peru, Brazil) - https://sci-web-001.amnh.org/imulive/iz.html?#details=ecatalogue.10020870
hortensis (Peru, Chile, Argentina)
insularis (Puerto Rico)
limbata (West Indies, Brazil) - https://sci-web-001.amnh.org/imulive/iz.html?#details=ecatalogue.10023451
neotropica (Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, Argentina) - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/18423390, https://sci-web-001.amnh.org/imulive/iz.html?#details=ecatalogue.10021326
obliqua (Canada south to Argentina)
piurana (Peru, Chile)
pulchra (Chile, Easter Island)
radiata (Florida, West Indies)
robinsoniana (Juan Fernandez Island)
splendens (Galapagos)
tectiforma (Ecuador) - https://sci-web-001.amnh.org/imulive/iz.html?#details=ecatalogue.10021658
teligera (Ecuador, Brazil) - https://sci-web-001.amnh.org/imulive/iz.html?#details=ecatalogue.10020871
trilimbata (Mexico) - description in Latin https://archive.org/details/diptresnouveau00bigot/page/134/mode/2up

Fazia group
micrura (BC to Texas, Mexico)
alta (Colombia, Ecuador) - https://sci-web-001.amnh.org/imulive/iz.html?#details=ecatalogue.10021324
altissima (Ecuador)
argentipila (Ecuador, Peru, Argentina)
centropogonis (Costa Rica) - http://syrphidae.myspecies.info/taxonomy/term/225/media
colombia (Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, Argentina) - http://syrphidae.inpa.gov.br/index.php/generos/syrphi?id=69, http://syrphidae.myspecies.info/taxonomy/term/856/media, https://sci-web-001.amnh.org/imulive/iz.html?#details=ecatalogue.10021325
decemmaculata (Chile, Ecuador)
eupeltata (Mexico) - description in Italian https://archive.org/details/ditteridelmessic00gigl/page/n109/mode/2up
fasciata (Ecuador, Peru) - https://sci-web-001.amnh.org/imulive/iz.html?#details=ecatalogue.10022467
fascifrons (Colombia, Ecuador)
flukei (Cuba) - https://sci-web-001.amnh.org/imulive/iz.html?#details=ecatalogue.10021433
funeralia (Jamaica) - https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ent:23787
hians (Mexico) - https://v3.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=199627
imitator (Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia)
luna (Ecuador)
macquarti (Chile, Argentina)
mu (Mexico)
nasigera (Colombia)
plaumanni (Brazil)
remigis (Ecuador)
roburoris (Ecuador, Argentina)
rostrata (Mexico) - https://v3.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=199624
saussurii (Mexico) - similar to eupeltata but significantly smaller
similis (Colombia, Brazil, Argentina) - https://sci-web-001.amnh.org/imulive/iz.html?#details=ecatalogue.10021327
strigifacies (Brazil) - http://syrphidae.inpa.gov.br/index.php/generos/syrphi?id=69
syrphica (Mexico) - https://archive.org/details/ditteridelmessic00gigl/page/n161/mode/2up
willistoni (Mexico) - https://archive.org/details/ditteridelmessic00gigl/page/n161/mode/2up

Mengual, Ruiz, Rojo, Stahls, & Thompson. A conspectus of the flower fly genus Allograpta (Diptera: Syrphidae) with description of a new subgenus and species. 2009. https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/16774/ent_FCT_124.pdf

https://everything.explained.today/Allograpta/
https://www.secret-bases.co.uk/wiki/Allograpta
http://beta.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxon=allograpta&searchTax=
http://syrphidae.myspecies.info/taxonomy/term/200/media
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/taxonomy?taxon_key=1540899

https://research.amnh.org/iz/types_db/list_types.php?phylum_name=&class_name=&taxon_order_name=&family_name=&genus_name=allograpta&species_name=&author_name=
http://syrphidae.inpa.gov.br/index.php/generos/syrphi?id=62

Allograpta (Fazia) colombia
http://syrphidae.inpa.gov.br/index.php/generos/syrphi?id=69
http://syrphidae.myspecies.info/taxonomy/term/856

Fluke, 1942. http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2279 / http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/2279//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/nov/N1201.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Checklist of Syrphidae of Ecuador https://www.zfmk.de/dateien/dokumente/2017_ecuador_checklist_0.pdf

Ocyptamus

Ocyptamus in Florida:
https://bugguide.net/node/view/87148/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/92738/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/158699/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/344988/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/922476/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1479193/bgpage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1644440/bgpage

O. pumilus/callidus group has a unique pattern:
http://unibio.unam.mx/irekani/handle/123456789/26074?proyecto=Irekani
http://syrphidae.inpa.gov.br/index.php/passos/passo-v/passo-v-09
http://syrphidae.inpa.gov.br/index.php/generos/syrphi?id=95

Some places to search for specimen photos:
https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/SpecimenSearch.cfm
http://beta.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxon=ocyptamus&searchTax=
http://syrphidae.inpa.gov.br/index.php/generos/syrphi?id=95
http://syrphidae.myspecies.info/taxonomy/term/206/media
https://diptera.info/photogallery.php?album_id=49 (Go to letter "O")
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/taxonomy?media_type=StillImage&taxon_key=1537736
http://scan-bugs.org/portal/collections/harvestparams.php
http://140.247.96.247/mcz/findrecords.php?-link=Find%20members (search for "Baccha")
https://research.amnh.org/iz/types_db/list_types.php?phylum_name=&class_name=&taxon_order_name=&family_name=&genus_name=baccha&species_name=&author_name=

Recent papers:
Big thesis on Ocyptamus (2011) - https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10214/3017/GFGMiranda%20PhD%20Thesis.pdf?sequence=1 (some abdomen diagrams on page 160)
2012 taxonomy stuff - https://www.zfmk.de/dateien/atoms/files/ocyptamus_article.pdf
Some taxonomy stuff done (2016) - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308665731_The_genus_Ocyptamus_Macquart_Diptera_Syrphidae_A_molecular_phylogenetic_analysis
Paper with lots of diagrams, also in references looks like there may be more (2018) -
https://www.zfmk.de/dateien/dokumente/2018_ocyptamus.pdf

Big revision: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343451268_New_generic_concepts_for_orphaned_lineages_formerly_treated_as_part_of_the_genus_Ocyptamus_Macquart_1834_Diptera_Syrphidae

Other resources:
Hine, 1914 - descriptions of some species - https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/820 / https://kb.osu.edu/bitstream/handle/1811/1826/V14N08_333.pdf?sequence=1
Hull, 1943 - https://archive.org/stream/entomolog232419431944broo#page/n51/mode/2up/

Melangyna and Meligramma

Meligramma
https://cjai.biologicalsurvey.ca/mylmst_23/mylmst_23_363.HTM

Meligramma guttata
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1515075/bgpage

Melangyna
https://cjai.biologicalsurvey.ca/mylmst_23/mylmst_23_364.HTM
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1721674/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1338019/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1035271/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/71537/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1549044/bgimage

Melangyna labiatarum
https://bugguide.net/node/view/50655/bgimage
https://bugguide.net/node/view/108259/bgimage

Melangyna coei
https://bugguide.net/node/view/1560318/bgimage

Melangyna fisherii
https://bugguide.net/node/view/474940/bgimage

Toxomerus

https://www.inaturalist.org/journal/upupa-epops/14985-identifying-toxomerus-hoverflies

Platycheirus

P. obscurus
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/12650658

Syrphinae Larvae

https://www.inaturalist.org/journal/upupa-epops/27363-some-syrphinae-larvae-of-north-america

Publicado el domingo, 20 de enero de 2019 a las 08:28 PM por upupa-epops upupa-epops | 1 comentario | Deja un comentario