Archivos de Diario para noviembre 2020

sábado, 21 de noviembre de 2020

CALIFORNIA OAK GALLS

Oak ID Help
https://oaks.cnr.berkeley.edu/oak-tree-species-id-ecology/
http://hastingsreserve.org/natural-history-resources/oak-woodlands.html
http://www.ourcityforest.org/blog/2020/7/a-brief-history-and-guide-to-californias-native-oaks
Keys for 5 SoCal Oaks (does not cover split within scrub oaks): https://www.fs.usda.gov/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr071/psw_gtr071.pdf
3 Species well described: https://www.learningamongtheoaks.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Oak-project-final.pdf
https://www.openspace.org/stories/common-oak-identification?utm_campaign=E-News&utm_medium=email&_hsmi=280999961&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-_YoEYbQnPwMBtrHbVodZVz5EWYo-OaM7TRRqkyF7jHM26KcuMfp5E4BlPnDfpPsmxujMzeKkS4O1xglIZ6zsldDtIg0g&utm_content=280999961&utm_source=hs_email
San Diego County: https://www2.palomar.edu/users/warmstrong/hybrids2.htm
North Bay Area--click on section name for info: http://cemarin.ucanr.edu/Programs/Custom_Program97/Types_of_oaks/

Tree abbrevs.
Blk =Q. kelloggii (California black oak) [R/B]
Blu =Q. douglasii (blue oak) [WH]
Colv =Quercus agrifolia (coast live oak) [R/B]
Cyn =Quercus chrysolepis (canyon live oak) [INT]
Eng =Q. engelmannii (Engelmann oak) [WH]
Huc =Q. vacciniifolia (huckleberry oak) [INT]
Inlv =Q. wislizeni (interior live oak): formerly included Shreve & parvula [R/B]
Lea =Q. durata (leather oak) [WH]
Nut =Q. dumosa (Nuttall's scrub oak) [WH]
Ore =Q. garryana (Oregon oak) [WH]
Pal =Q. palmeri (Palmer's oak) [INT]
Scr =Quercus berberidifolia (Calif scrub oak) [WH]
Mul =Q. cornelius-mulleri (Muller's oak--desert scrub) [WH]
Tuc =Q. john-tuckeri (Tucker's oak) [WH]
Val =Q. lobata (valley oak) [WH]

MOST OAKS
Live Oak Witches' Broom Fungus ( Cystotheca lanestris) This mildew causes whitening of affected parts of plant and/or witches’ broom. Colv Cyn Val & Tanbark

WHITE OAKS--INTEGRAL STEM GALLS
Irregular Spindle Gall Wasp (Andricus chrysolepidicola) Lumpy bark-colored acorn-like protuberances. Blu Val Scr Lea
Club Gall Wasp (Andricus coortus) Roundish gall at end of stem, but new stems may grow out of it. Ore Blu Scr

WHITE OAKS—OTHER STEM GALLS
California Gall Wasp (Andricus quercuscalifornicus) All or nearly all white oaks
Beaked Twig Gall Wasp (Burnettweldia plumbella) Gall may not have a beak if found in the southern California desert on turbinella oak. Blu Scr Lea Turbinella
Honeydew Gall Wasp (Disholcaspis eldoradensis) Val Scr Lea Ore
Twig Gall Wasp (Disholcaspis mellifica) Like D. eldoradensis but bark is swollen and ruptured and galls line up in rows and are somewhat smaller. Scr Lea Ore
Round Honeydew Gall Wasp (Disholcaspis canescens) Some ID help here Blu Scr
Clasping Twig Gall Wasp (Disholcaspis prehensa) Scr Lea
Burnettweldia washingtonensis Beige or gray; mealy-granular texture becoming wrinkled; slight stalk. Almost all white oaks
Cynips conspicuus [syn. Besbicus conspicuus] Round and neckless—usually has short beige, rust, or brn hair. Some photos of immature galls here here Blu [Val—per JG]
Dried Peach Gall Wasp (Disholcaspis simulata) Pointed or nippled; photos showing gall interior will help confirm ID. Developing gall is beautiful. Scr Lea Blu Ore Eng
Bullet Gall Wasp (Disholcaspis mamillana) Ocher-colored gall with nipple. Blu Scr
Coral Gall Wasp (Burnettweldia corallina) Orangy. Blu
Andricus opertus Stringy green/brown fibers coming from the bud or leaf midrib. Scr Lea Blu Val
Burnettweldia conalis Thornlike “witches’ hat" gall. Ore [0 obs]

WHITE OAKS--BUD GALLS
Thorn Gall Wasp (Cynips heldae) Spines laterally flattened and usually bent and twisted; rose-pink turning brown. Ore Val
Andricus wiltzae Rosette on terminal buds; see Russo 2006 p. 106. Val
Irregular Spindle Gall Wasp (Andricus chrysolepidicola) Ovoid gall w/ fine hairs. Blu Val Scr Lea

WHITE OAKS--DETACHABLE LEAF GALLS
Crystalline Gall Wasp (Feron crystallinum) For immature stage see this observation Blu Scr Lea Ore
Disc Gall Wasp (Feron parmula) Most white oaks. Probable developing galls here .
Yellow Wig Gall Wasp (Druon fullawayi) Most white oaks
Urchin Gall Wasp (Cynips quercusechinus) Either pink-with-white-tips or red-purple Blu Scr
Convoluted Gall Wasp (Andricus confertus) Leaf underside. Val
Saucer Gall Wasp (Feron gigas) Edges may be either smooth or toothed. Alternate gen. produces cones on leaves and flowers. Blu Scr Eng
Striped Volcano Gall Wasp (Feron atrimentum) Alternate generation produces a thin, round, green leaf gall. See time-lapse series. Blu
Clustered Gall Wasp (Andricus brunneus) Lavender, pink tan, brick etc w/ short cream-colored matted hairs; leaf underside. Most white oaks
Club Gall Wasp (Atrusca clavuloides) Sometimes bent over; parts of leaf turn brown. According to Merav, a short, shapeless thumb like this will grow into a CGW gall. Val
Plate Gall Wasp (Feron pattersonae) Leaf underside; plate 107 in Russo 2006. The former Andricus pedicellatus has now been identified as the sexgen of this gall. Most white oaks
Urn Gall Wasp (Phylloteras cupella) Leaf underside. See comments here and here. Scr Lea Blu Eng & SW white oaks
Red Cone Gall Wasp (Andricus kingi) Alternate generation produces smallish tapering leaf-edge galls that turn black. For immature cone galls see BugGuide post with Joyce's comments on "donut"-shaped galls. This photo shows several growth stages. Blu Val Ore
Spined Turban Gall Wasp (Cynips douglasii) See Garth's comment Blu Val Scr
Gray Midrib Gall Wasp (Cynips multipunctata). On leaf underside. Blu
Woollybear Gall Wasp (Atrusca trimaculosa) Roundish gall on leaf underside; Russo 2006 pl. 108. Most white oaks
Sunburst Gall Wasp (Feron stellare) Center usually dark red. (See drought-stunted gall here.) Blu Ore
Ball-tipped Gall Wasp (Xanthoteras teres) Globe on a pedestal Lea Ore
Pear Gall Wasp (Andricus maculosus) Teardrop; leaf underside. Scr Lea
California Jumping Gall Wasp (Neuroterus saltatorius) Most white oaks
Feron tubifaciens Clusters of bristly crystalline tubes; leaf underside. Ore
Andricus albicomus. Bristly 4mm galls on Ore [0 obs]
Feron bakkeri See pg. 292 of Lyon 1984 See Joyce Gross's comments on distinguishing this from the pink bowtie gall Eng Nut [& other scrub oaks per Russo 2021] Ore
Feron stellulum Stalked cup. Nut Turbinella
Speckled Gall Wasp (Cynips mirabilis) [Syn: Besbicus mirabilis] Ore
Fuzzy Gall Wasp (Cynips conspicuus) Blu [also Val per JG]

WHITE OAKS--INTEGRAL LEAF GALLS
Fold Gall Midge (Dasineura silvestrii) Gagne indicates that this leaf fold gall occurs on Q. garryana and "Quercus sp." in California and Oregon Ore
Neuroterus fragilis Roundish swelling of petiole and/or midrib. Blu Scr Lea Val
Live Oak Erineum Mite (Aceria mackiei) Leaf blisters. Ore ?Lea
Aceria trichophila Blue oak erineum mite with fewer, larger blisters/bumps than Aceria mackiei; white/brown hairs. Blu [0 obs!]
Midrib Gall Wasp (Neuroterus washingtonensis) Leaf swellings 1 cm or more in size. [3 obs] Ore
Andricus opertus Stringy green/brown fibers. Scr Lea Blu Val
California Jumping Gall Wasp (Neuroterus saltatorius) Most white oaks. Good photo of gamic generation here

WHITE OAKS—LEAF PETIOLE GALLS
Andricus reticulatus. Small gall on petiole/leaf base. See pg. 290 of Lyon 1984 and Fig. 1B. Eng in SoCal & some SW species.
Neuroterus fragilis Roundish swelling of petiole and/or midrib. Blu Scr Lea [possibly Val*]

RED/BLACK OAKS--INTEGRAL STEM GALLS
Gouty Stem Gall Wasp (Callirhytis quercussuttoni) Integral stem galls that are so abrupt they can look pasted on based on. InLv CoLv
Ruptured Twig Gall Wasp (Callirhytis perdens) Gradual; lengthwise fissures along stem. All red/black oaks
Holocynips humicola Root gall that can cause above-ground stem swelling. InLV [1 obs SFBA]

RED/BLACK OAKS--OTHER STEM GALLS
Live Oak Apple Gall Wasp (Amphibolips quercuspomiformis) Spiky round galls; but Garth Harwood notes “I see a good deal of variability in this gall, from finely spiny to billiard-ball smooth (especially while developing, when they can be bright red. ) ...Two other clues ... are the central dot at the distal end ... and the faint 'longitudinal' lines radiating down from that spot along the sides.” All red/black oaks

RED/BLACK OAKS--CATKIN/ACORN GALLS
Kernel Flower Gall Wasp (Callirhytis serricornis) Early phase at https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/152588641. Colv Inlv
Callirhytis congregata All red/black oaks; Colv espec.
Mottled Acorn Gall Wasp (Callirhytis carmelensis) As Garth notes here, the mottling on the hard, shiny surface of the gall does not occur on other known red/black oak galls. All red/black oaks
Callirhytis eldoradensis But see comments re acorn galls at https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/82379298
Live Oak Petiole Gall Wasp (Melikaiella flora) [syn. Callirhytis flora] Colv Inlv ?Blk But see comments on acorn galls at https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/82379298

RED/BLACK OAKS--BUD GALLS
Live Oak Bud Gall Wasp (Callirhytis quercusagrifoliae) All red/black oaks

RED/BLACK OAKS--DETACHABLE LEAF GALLS
Pumpkin Gall Wasp (Dryocosmus minusculus) All red/black oaks
Two-horned Gall Wasp (Dryocosmus dubiosus)
Live Oak Apple Gall Wasp (Amphibolips quercuspomiformis) Green-red upcurved gall on leaf underside. All red/black oaks
Kernel Flower Gall Wasp (Callirhytis serricornis) Colv Inlv

RED/BLACK OAKS--INTEGRAL LEAF GALLS
Live Oak Erineum Mite (Aceria mackiei) Inlv Colv
Ball Gall Wasp (Callirhytis perfoveata) All red/black oaks
Gouty Stem Gall Wasp (Callirhytis quercussuttoni) This alternate generation galls produces blisters on leaf veins. All red/black oaks
Live Oak Bud Gall Wasp (Callirhytis quercusagrifoliae) This alternate generation galls produces blisters on leaves, petioles, buds. See photo. All red/black oaks

RED/BLACK OAKS LEAF—PETIOLE GALLS
Live Oak Petiole Gall Wasp (Melikaiella flora) [syn. Callirhytis flora] Colv Inlv ?Blk
Gouty Stem Gall Wasp (Callirhytis quercussuttoni) This alternate generation galls produces blisters on petioles and leaf veins. All red/black oaks

INTERMEDIATE OAKS--INTEGRAL STEM GALLS
Tapered Stem Gall Wasp (Protobalandricus spectabilis) Russo 2006 describes this as “abruptly swollen”; larval chambers are much better separated by plant tissue than with Dryocosmus asymmetricus. See discussion here and here
Kidney Stem Gall Wasp (Disholandricus reniformis) Variable. Check all JG photos. Cyn Huc Pal
Split Twig Gall Wasp (Dryocosmus asymmetricus)

Andricus frondeum Cyn

See discussion here and here [24 obs]
Neuroterus chrysolepis. This gall is described on pg. 290 of Lyon 1984 As a blisterlike swelling on “young stems” of canyon live oak. Drawing is Fig. 1A on pg. 291. Cyn

INTERMEDIATE OAKS--OTHER STEM GALLS
Beaked Spindle Gall Wasp (Heteroecus pacificus) For distinguishing worn gall from worn H. dasydactyli, see Garth's comments
Golden Gall Wasp (Heteroecus melanoderma)
Woolly Gall Wasp (Heteroecus dasydactyli) For distinguishing worn gall from worn H. pacificus, see Garth's comments
Mushroom Gall Wasp (Heteroecus sanctaeclarae)
Muffin Gall Wasp (Disholandricus chrysolepidis) Dome-like crust is darkish and rough; sides smooth. All intermediate oaks
Potato Gall Wasp (Disholandricus truckeensis)
Andricus frondeum not in Russo 2006 Cyn&?
Heteroecus malus “[G]alls ... tend to occur in grape-like clusters and have a fine white pubescence when fresh. Underneath ... the galls are green or green with red. Older galls are tan. The galls are monothalamous (single larva). Host is Quercus chrysolepis (canyon live oak)” JG https://joycegross.com/images.php?img=2222_2544 . not in Russo 2006 Cyn&?
Golden Oak Apple Gall Wasp (Andricus vacciniifoliae)
Hairy Gall Wasp (Disholandricus lasius)

INTERMEDIATE OAKS--BUD GALLS
Torpedo Gall Wasp (Andricus projectus) Red with yellow tip when fresh; bud scales at base; on leaf axil or catkin. Cyn
Grahamstoneia humboldti Similar to Andricus projectus, but more slender and green with brown tip when fresh; see Joyce's and Garth's comments Cyn Huc

INTERMEDIATE OAKS--DETACHABLE LEAF GALLS
Bowl Gall Wasp (Paracraspis patelloides) Cup or hat on midrib; leaf underside. Cyn
Little Urn Gall Wasp (Andricus rotundula) Row or double row of extremely small galls along midrib on leaf underside. Cyn Pal
Little Oak Apple Gall Wasp (Andricus coquilletti) Huc [seems to occur on Cyn as well, per Joyce Gross]
Hairy Gall Wasp (Disholandricus lasius) Round and fluffy; dark beige or goldish; leaf underside. Cyn
Paracraspis insolens See https://joycegross.com/images.php?search=2&taxon=Paracraspis+insolens&ordr=
Beaked Spindle Gall Wasp (Heteroecus pacificus) ) Alternate generation produces thornlike cone that is tough to pull off leaf underside, normally red to purple. Note that Joyce Gross's photos--click on each of the 3 in the center apparently show a very different stage of this gall that is much more a thorn-like cone than the galls in plate 188 of Russo 2021.

INTERMEDIATE OAKS--INTEGRAL LEAF GALLS
Round Leaf Gall Wasp (Heteroecus flavens)
Intermediate Oak Disc Wasp (Paracraspis guadaloupensis) 6mm; leaf underside. Cyn
Live Oak Erineum Mite (Aceria mackiei). Cyn Huc
Contarinia Leaf tightly rolled to underside. Cyn Huc
Fold Gall Midge (Dasineura silvestrii) Cyn Huc
Woolly Gall Wasp (Heteroecus dasydactyli) Cyn

NON-NATIVE OAKS
Wool-bearing Gall Wasp (Druon quercuslanigera) Southern live oak in CA

FYI: Alt-gen gall discussion

Publicado el sábado, 21 de noviembre de 2020 a las 11:21 AM por nancyasquith nancyasquith | 0 comentarios | Deja un comentario

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