Taxonomic notes: This is a poorly circumscribed species in need of taxonomic review (M. Wilkinson pers. comm.). It is unclear that all populations within its large range are conspecific.

This species is widely distributed through tropical South America east of the Andes from northern Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela (Barinas and Portuguesa states) and the Guianas, south through most of Brazil to Paraguay and northern Argentina. In Argentina, this species is found in the southern part of Misiones. In Bolivia, it is found in Beni, La Paz, Pando and Santa Cruz. It is generally found below 800 m asl.

It appears to be common in some parts of its range. Surveys in the region of San Martín, Peru found just two individuals after 90 and >100 person/days in 2006 and 2008 respectively (von May et al. 2008).

It is a subterranean species and can be found in humid soils in forested and open environments (including dry Caatinga savannah). It also occurs in rural gardens, plantations and other anthropogenic habitats. Reproduction is probably on the ground with parental care. It is oviparous with terrestrial eggs and direct development, and not dependent on water for breeding.

There are no reports of this species being utilized.

There appear to be no major known threats to this species.

It occurs in many protected areas. Further research is required into the taxonomy of this species.

Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, tolerance of a broad range of habitats and presumed large population.

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