Identificaciones de shxx60

Bedstraw growing in a Monterey Pine forest. Flowers are creamy yellow with 4 petals. Leaves are 4 per whorl around the stem.

California Bedstraw (Galium californicum) Native, perennial, sparsely hairy-bristly, fire-follower plant in the Madder (Rubiaceae) family that grows in shady to open areas in conifer or mixed forest hillsides, chaparral, woodland, and on sea cliffs. Growth habit is erect or prostrate, depending on subspecies. Stems are 8--32 cm (up to 13 inches) long. Leaves are in whorls of 4, ovate to elliptic, 6--18 mm long, and sparsely hairy-bristly. Leaf tip is obtuse to abruptly acute, but not sharp to touch. Flowers are creamy yellow. Bedstraws (Galium) are characterized by very small, 4-lobed, rotate flowers (the united petals radiate from a central point, like the spokes of a wheel). Peak bloom time: April-May. Fruits are spherical, hairy, translucent, and sometimes double.

Calflora (lists 7 ssp. in CA) https://www.calflora.org/entry/psearch.html?namesoup=Galium+californicum&countylist=any&plantcomm=any&format=photos&orderby=taxon

Plants of Monterey County: an Illustrated Field Key, 2nd edition, Matthews and Mitchell, 2015, pp. 290-291.

Monterey County Wildflowers: a Field Guide, Yeager and Mitchell, 2016, p. 269.

Monterey County Wildflowers https://montereywildflowers.com/rubiaceae/

Leaf Terminology: Simple Diagrams/Definitions: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Leaf_morphology.svg

Jepson eFlora: California Bedstraw (Galium californicum)
https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=26323
Botanical illustration of 2 ssp: https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/images/illustrations/p1213_008.png
Jepson eFlora: Galium californicum ssp. californicum
https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=50606
Jepson eFlora: Coastal California Bedstraw (Galium californicum ssp. maritinum): https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=50609
Calflora lists 14 records of ssp maritinum as of 5/4/24

Jepson eFlora Key to Galium for CCo (Central Coast of CA) lists 6 species: https://keybase.rbg.vic.gov.au/keys/show/3804?filter_id=55b17b2b4727a
Galium aparine
Galium californicum subsp. californicum
Galium californicum subsp. maritimum
Galium porrigens var. porrigens
Galium trifidum subsp. columbianum
Galium triflorum

Flora of Fort Ord: Monterey County, California, David Styer, 2019, p. 193.

Coastal California's Living Legacy: The Monterey Pine Forest, 2nd. ed, Nikki Nedeff, et. al. The Monterey Pine Forest Watch, 2018

Whispering Bells (Emmenanthe penduliflora) is a native, villous-hairy, glandular-sticky, fire-follower plant in the Borage (Boraginaceae) family that grows 5--85 cm (up to 33 inches) tall in many plant communities. Leaves are simple, toothed to deeply pinnately lobed. Flowers grow in clusters of pale lemon yellow, bell-shaped flowers that are erect when budding, becoming pendulous as the flowers mature. Peak bloom time: March-June. This plant grows in maritime chaparral to arid creosote-bush scrub plant communities, in rocky, sandy, decomposed granite, serpentine soils, and generally after fire or other soil disturbance.
Per INat cwbarrows: "some fire-followers have specific adaptations to propagation after a fire (heat activated seeds, etc), but probably more of them can be thought of as disturbance-followers. Any disturbance will do - flash floods, fires, landslides, etc, and doesn't necessarily have to be large scale, so we still see these species even without tying them to an obvious disturbance event." https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147310137

Link to confirmed observations in the desert: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200766726 and mountains https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/143900192 and near the coast: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/85053573

Jepson eFlora with botanical illustration: https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=24223

Calflora https://www.calflora.org/app/taxon?crn=2956

Anza-Borrego Desert Wildflowers /https://borregowildflowers.org/?type=search&searchtype=S&family=&name=Emmenanthe%20penduliflora

Flora of North America (species not listed as of 2/28/24)

Plants of Monterey County: an Illustrated Field Key, 2nd edition, Matthews and Mitchell, 2015, pp. 98-99.

Monterey County Wildflowers: a Field Guide, Yeager and Mitchell, 2016, p. 333.

Monterey County Wildflowers https://montereywildflowers.com/boraginaceae-emm-eriod/

Propertius Duskywing (Erynnis propertius) is a butterfly in the Skippers (Hesperiidae) family. It is found in along the west coast of North America from southern British Columbia south along the Pacific Slope to Baja California Norte. It is one of the most commonly seen Skippers in California. It has 1-2 flights, March-July.
Wingspan is 35–45 mm (1.25-1.5 inches). Its wings are mottled brown, the fore wings with white spotting. While other duskywings like the funereal duskywing and the mournful duskywing have white fringe on their hind wings, the Propertius duskywing has brown fringe.
The larvae have a light green body and brown head. They feed on Oak (Quercus) species. Adults feed on a wide variety of flower nectar, including Blue Dicks, Yerba Santa, Ceanothus, and California Buckeye.

Butterflies of Monterey County: A comprehensive guide to finding and identifying 91 species of butterflies in Monterey County, Chris Tenney and Jan Austin, August 2023, pp. 166-167.

eButterfly: https://www.e-butterfly.org/ebapp/en/species/profile/10

Field Guide to California Insects, by Kip Will, J. Gross, D. Rubinoff , J. Powell, 2nd ed., 2020, p. 402.

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BUTTERFLY and CATERPILLAR (Annotated References):

In California, there are about 240 species of butterflies. There are more than 3,000 species of MOTHS, which represent 4 suborders in about 50 families. Butterflies have clubbed antennae, moths do not. Many moths are nocturnal, but not all.

Field Guide to California Insects, by Kip Will, J. Gross, D. Rubinoff , J. Powell, 2nd ed., 2020 (Lepidoptera, pp. 347-426)

Butterflies of Monterey County: A comprehensive guide to finding and identifying 91 species of butterflies in Monterey County, by Chris Tenney and photograher Jan Austin, August 2023 and companion website: https://www.montereybutterflies.online/

Glossary of Butterfly (and Moth) Terminology: https://butterfly.ucdavis.edu/resources/glossary

eButterfly: (2115+ species) https://www.e-butterfly.org/ebapp/en/observations/explore

BugGuide: Butterflies and Moths (U.S. and Canada) clickable categories or use search bar: https://bugguide.net/node/view/57

Butterflies Through Binoculars: The West: a field guide to the butterflies of western North America, by Jeffrey Glassberg, 2001

Butterflies and Moths of North America https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species_search

Butterflies of Central and Northern California, a laminated pamphlet (guide to common and notable species) by Jim Brock,, 2023

Caterpillar Anatomy diagram and Butterfly Basics: https://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/butterfly/activities/printouts/caterpillarprintout.shtml Life Cycle of a Butterfly: Egg --> Larva (the caterpillar) --> Pupa (the chrysalis or cocoon) --> Adult.

Caterpillars: INaturalist Project https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/california-caterpillars

Wagner's Caterpillars of Western North America (coming soon) "1450+ species accounts in progress" INat thebals 6/6/23.